![]() It has been the principle organism used for the study of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymer biosynthesis. Ralstonia eutropha (also known as Cupriavidus necator) is a Gram-negative, facultatively chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. This 105 page technical report summarizing the three years of research includes 72 figures and 11 tables of findings. This final technical report presents the findings of both the biological engineering work at MIT that extended the native branched-chain amino acid pathway of the wild type Ralstonia eutropha H16 to perform this biosynthesis, as well as the unique design, modeling, and construction of more » a bioreactor for incompatible gasses at Michigan State that enabled the operational testing of the complete system. The goal of the project is to produce Isobutanol (IBT), a branched-chain alcohol that can serve as a drop-in transportation fuel, through the engineered microbial biosynthesis of Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen, and Oxygen using a novel bioreactor. ![]() This research project is a collaboration between the Sinskey laboratory at MIT and the Worden laboratory at Michigan State University. ![]() Finally, we present a process model to compare the energy required for our process to other in situ extraction methods, such as gas stripping, finding scCO 2 extraction to be potentially competitive, if not superior. After establishing induced-expression under scCO 2, isobutanol production from 2-ketoisovalerate is observed with greater than 40% yield more » with co-produced isopentanol. Towards this goal, we report the domestication and engineering of a scCO 2-tolerant strain of Bacillus megaterium, previously isolated from formation waters from the McElmo Dome CO 2 field, to produce branched alcohols that have potential use as biofuels. To solve these problems, we propose a high-pressure fermentation strategy, coupled with in situ extraction using the abundant and renewable solvent supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2), which is also known for its broad microbial lethality. megaterium (Aims 1 & 2) 3) conducting de novo pathway engineering for biosynthesis of longer chain fuels (Aim 2) and 4) developing and modeling a two-phase stripping chemostat for continuous production of biofuels with in situ scCO2 extraction (Aim = ,Ĭulture contamination, end-product toxicity, and energy efficient product recovery are long-standing bioprocess challenges. megaterium during growth under scCO2 (Aim 1) 2) engineering heterologous butanol production pathways for anaerobic and aerobic expression in B. ![]() To this end we pursued a series of Aims and Sub-Aims with the ultimate goals of 1) determining the systems physiology of B. We proposed an interdisciplinary research and development effort involving bioprocess engineering, systems biology, and chemical separation engineering, centered around a recently isolated microorganism that is tolerant to scCO2. We aimed to develop a system that utilizes supercritical CO2 (scCO2) to address challenges associated with microbial contamination, product toxicity, and product recovery that currently limit the potential of advanced biofuel and bio-based chemical production. The goal of our project was to develop Bacillus megaterium as a host for continuous biofuel production coupled with in situ product extraction by supercritical (sc) CO2 stripping.
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Now, long-time Samba fans and recent converts are competing for the same stock. I've been meaning to cop another white pair." ![]() "It’s a shoe our parents rocked, and shoes we always had as a kid. "They’re cool," Chris says of the buzzy collabs, but he still likes the look of the original the most. She isn't the target market, per se, but she's familiar with Sporty & Rich and liked the look of Oberg's exclusive version, which is tan, white and Kelly green. While you can't impress everyone, she's someone who rarely wears sneakers as is - just the most straightforward designs for her workout classes and nothing more. My fiancée, who caught the rest of my mental recap when I returned home, nodded her head. To see Sambas in such abundance implies the long-standing sneaker is already recirculating through tertiary markets, of which Pittsburgh is one. This city, I thought, has its own unique style - see: sports jerseys and '90s-wash denim - but one that's far from being either on the forefront of fashion or a place where fashion folks draw influence. I glanced up from my phone at several pairs I could see from my corner of one of Pittsburgh's most popular coffee shops. Reaching Tertiary Marketsĭays later, I was filling him in on the sneaker's roller coaster calendar year, via text, as I scrolled through the limited-edition collabs. Were they suddenly worth the $500 someone paid for them in 2022? No, but he was more willing than ever to try them again, despite their connotations to tryouts and line drills. "The white Sambas do go hard." As someone who had previously worn them without thought, to soccer practice and to pick-up soccer games, he suddenly saw them in a new light. Stunned by my sudden obsession, both were hesitant to hand out compliments. ![]() There are slight differences in the outsoles, too, but not in tread or traction control, just color. The OG, on the other hand, has almost no arch support, much like the Chuck Taylor-All Star, and a much shorter tongue. It has higher arches, a longer tongue and is easier to slip in and out of. (Hint: try sport-specific outlets, like, not the official Adidas website.) I went with the Samba Classic, the iteration with the extended tongue - the pair truly meant for indoor soccer. Then I got two pairs, and with ease, too, despite the shoe's newfound over-the-top popularity. But they'd completely written me off, a non-soccer player, as someone who'd wear, let alone like, Sambas. John wears a pair of black Samba OG sneakers, the version with the shorter tongue, all the time - to the gym, to pick up a quick dinner and to the occasional bar, especially if soccer is on. So, how can a buzzy sneaker get even buzzier, you ask? Even though it seems like the fashion elite is slowly moving on, everyone else is catching up, meaning Sambas still have plenty of shoppers left to convert - including plenty of folks that wore Sambas some 10, 15 or even 20 years ago and are long overdue for a fresh pair.Īmong those are my childhood best friends, and two true soccer fanatics, Chris and John. But the hits keep coming, if you will, with more limited-edition Sambas on the horizon. ![]() The affordable everyman indoor soccer suddenly shoe suddenly switched up - it went high fashion, thanks in no small part to designer renditions by Grace Wales Bonner, Pharrell and Sporty and Rich founder Emily Oberg. ![]() I was in my late twenties before I read a discussion of the book that mentioned it was one of the great revenge fantasies of all time. As happens with many things that I encountered when young, re-reading would recapitulate my naieve initial experience. I went on to re-read the book about once a year for the next fifteen or twenty years, and then less frequently after that. I could have described the plot in extremely fine detail, but I could not have explained the ways in which it resonated. But I could not have explained why the book spoke to me so deeply, could not have described why it mattered to me. I was enthralled, enchanted, delighted, and transformed. There were all sorts of weird literary devices and conventions that I had never encountered before, and many of them I completely failed to decode during my first reading. The first chapter is a little slow, at first, with Dumas showing off his sailing vocabulary, and I was baffled by the idea that you would describe someone's age as "eighteen or twenty" rather than an actual age. (I was an arrogant child.) I remember that one of the illos had a man in a long cloak, and I secretly liked it, though I would not admit it. I considered the illustrations to be a draw-back, since I wasn't a child anymore, and did not approve of picture books. ![]() The cover was grey, there was no dust-jacket, and there were a few line drawing illustrations on the inside. I remember the weight of the book on my ankle, I remember flexing my foot up and down, feeling the weight. At the same time, I felt that I could be justly proud of myself if I managed to finish such a long book. Finishing anything I started was, at that point in my life, a point of pride, so I was weighing the risk of starting something that long with the likelihood that I would hate it and either fail to finish, or suffer for an extremely long period of time. The precise page count may have been rewritten by memory, since 365 is such an evocative number.) It was very, very thick. (I am very sure it was more than 1,000 pages in that edition. It was, memory insists, 1,365 pages long. I was sitting so that my right ankle was resting on my left knee, and I balanced the tome on my right ankle. I remember taking down the book from the shelf. ![]() Reading was also one of the few things that I was given positive feedback for by my parents, and they loved it when I read "the classics." Fundamentalist Christianity has baked into it a belief in a Golden Age, and assumes that older things are better, finer, purer, etc. This was before I became a serious science fiction fan, that would happen next year, when I read Starman Jones, by Robert Heinlein. I was a frightened, lonely, unattractive teen with almost no friends, and few points of pride. It was pretty clearly not carefully curated, since the next year, I would find a copy of Stranger in a Strange Land, by Robert Heinlein on the shelf. As an adult, I believe I can correctly diagnose the selection as donations, otherwise known as, stuff adults didn't care to keep in their house anymore. Instead of an actual library, each school room had a book case at the back of the room with an odd assortment of books. When I was thirteen, I attended a small, private religious school, called Wilkinsburg Christian School. Tl dr: This book, my god this fucking book! I just finished The Count of Monte Cristo, by Alexandre Dumas, for the umpteenth time, for versions of finished that include listening to an unabridged, LibreVox recording by someone who does truly terrible French and Italian accents and pronounces "azure" as "Asia." I have loved this book with an unironic passion for forty years, and I feel the need to rant. |
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